Acta Univ. Palacki. Olomuc., Gymn. 2009 39(1): 67-73
The effect of listening to techno music on reaction times to visual stimuli
- 1 Independent researcher, Celje
- 2 Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana
The aim of the research was to establish the influence of techno music on the reaction times of participants in the research. Our hypothesis was that stimulating music, such as techno, would shorten the participants' reaction time to visual stimuli while, without music, the reaction time would be longer. To define the reaction time to expected light stimuli we used a special apparatus for measuring the angle of elbow extension, an electric goniometer and a red colour LED diode attached to it. We also used a computer programme as well. The athletes, 10 students at the Faculty of Sports, aged between 20 and 45, participated in the research, representing the control group as well as the experimental group. In our research we established that listening to techno music does affect the shortening of participants' reaction time. Their reaction time shortens significantly according to a measurement taken after 30 minute of listening to techno music, nevertheless it is not shortened during the listening. The control group established that 35 minutes of waiting between the measurements does not significantly affect the reaction time. Moreover, it was established that 30 minutes of listening to techno music affected the shortening of the reaction time 45 seconds after the music was turned off. For further research, it would be necessary to engage more participants. However, the research results are useful data and may serve as a starting point for further research.
Keywords: Simple reaction time, techno music, expected light (visual) stimulus, apparatus for measuring the angle of elbow extension, goniometer
Prepublished online: October 22, 2009; Published: January 1, 2009 Show citation
References
- Alvero, P., Josep, V., Erik, M., Joaquim, B., Leonardo, G., & Mark, H. (1992). Effects of focal transcranial magnetic stimulation on simple reaction time to acoustic, visual and somatosensory stimuli. Brain, 115, 1045-1059.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Besson, M., Faita, F., Peretz, I., Bonnel A. M., & Requin, J. (1998). Singing in the brain: Independence of lyrics and tunes. Psychological Science, 9, 494-498.
Go to original source...
- Brebner, J. T. (1980). Reaction time in personality theory. In A. T. Welford (Ed.), Reaction Times (pp. 309-320). New York: Academic Press.
- Brebner, J. T., & Welford, A. T. (1980). Introduction: a historical background sketch. In A. T. Welford (Ed.), Reaction Times (pp. 1-23). New York: Academic Press.
- Broadbent, D. E. (1971). Decision and Stress. London: Academic Press.
- Colavita, F. B. (1974). Human sensory dominance. Perception and Psychophysics, 16, 409-412.
Go to original source...
- Cooper, R. G., Edwards, R. H. T., Gibton H., & Strokes M. J. (1998). Human muscle fatigue: Frequency interdependence of excitation and force generation. Journal of Physiology, 397, 585-599.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Doe, J. X. (2006). Simple reaction time as a function of visual versus auditory modality in the stimulated and preferred versus nonpreferred hand used. Retrieved 10. 5. 2006 from the World Wide Web http://www.utm. edu/staff /gbrown/running_head.pdf
- Fieandt, K., von Huhtala, A., Kullberg, P., & Saarl, K. (1956). Personal tempo and phenomenal time at different age levels. Reports from the Psychological Institute, 2. Helsinki: University of Helsinki.
- Friedhoffer, R. (1992). Sound. New York: Franklin Watts.
- Galton, F. (1899). On instruments for (1) testing the perception of differences of tint and for (2) determining reaction time. Journal of the Anthropological Institute, 19, 27-29.
Go to original source...
- Gardner, R. (1991). Experimenting with sound. New York: Franklin Watts.
- Gerra, G., Zaimovic, A., Franchini, D., Palladino, M., Giucastro, G., Reali, N., Maestri, D., Caccavari, R., Delsignore, R., & Brambilla, F. (1998). Neuroendocrine responses of healthy volunteers to "techno music" relationships with personality traits and emotional state. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 28, 99-111.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Gomez, C. M., Vaquero, E., Vazquez, M., Gonzalez-Rosa, J. J., & Cardoso, M. J. (2005). Alternate-response preparation in a visuomotor serial task. Journal of Motor Behavior, 37(2), 127-134.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Kemp, B. J. (1973). Reaction time of young and elderly subjects in relation to perceptual deprivation and signal on versus signal off condition. Developmental Psychology, 8, 268-272.
Go to original source...
- Luce, R. D. (1986). Response times: Their role in inferring elementary mental organization. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Marshall, W. H., Talbot, S. A., & Ades, H. W. (1943). Cortical response of the anaesthesized cat to gross photic and electrical afferent stimulation. Journal of Neurophysiology, 6, 1-15.
Go to original source...
- Nagasawa, T., Yuasa, Y., Tamura, H., & Tsuru, H. (1991). Mandibular reaction time to auditory and visual signals in young and eldery subjects. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 18, 69-74.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Platel, H. (2002). Neuropsychology of musical perception: New perspectives. Oxford: Editorial.
Go to original source...
- Sanders, A. F. (1980). Stage analysis of reaction processes. In G. E. Stelmach J. Requin (Eds.), Tutorials in motor behavior (pp. 331-354). Amsterdam: North Holland.
Go to original source...
- Sanders, A. F. (1998). Elements of human performance: Reaction processes and attention in human skill. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers Mahwah.
- Strick, S. (2000). Music effects on drivers' reaction times. Retreived 10. 5. 2006 from the World Wide Web http://www.drdriving.org/misc/music_strick_report.html
- Štrulc, M. (1989). Fiziologija živčevja [Physiology of nerves]. Ljubljana: Medicinski razgledi.
- Thomas, J. R., & Nelson, J. K. (2001). Research methods in physical activity. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Welford, A. T. (1980). Choice reaction time: Basic concepts. In A. T. Welford (Ed.), Reaction times (pp. 73-128). New York: Academic Press.
- Zakharova, N. N., & Avdeev, V. M. (1982). Functional changes in the central nervous system during music perception (study of positive emotions). Zhurnal vyssheĭ nervnoĭ deiatelnosti imeni IP Pavlova, 32(5), 915-924.
- Zakharova, N. N., & Ivashchenko, O. I. (1984). Effect of music on motor reaction time and interhemispheric relations. Zhurnal vyssheĭ nervnoĭ deiatelnosti imeni IP Pavlova, 34(2), 212-218.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.