Acta Univ. Palacki. Olomuc., Gymn. 2010 40(1): 45-51

Muscle activation in healthy subjects during single step up

Elisa Isabel Yanac Paredes, Jaroslav Opavský
Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University, Olomouc

Background: The single step up is an integral movement performance for functional mobility and activities of daily living. During this activity the body has to be able to keep its balance and maintain a stable upright posture for performing voluntary movement. For this purpose the central nervous system creates different motor programs specific to the task. A motor programme is believed to contain the pre-programmed sequence of muscle activity prior to the initiation of the task, and includes both the muscle activity for the task, as well as postural muscle activity.

Objective: The aim of this paper was to examine the sequence of muscular activation, and to determine the timing of the involvement of selected trunk and leg muscles whilst stepping up. The further aim was to find out the most common muscle patterns in this model of motor activity in healthy subjects.

Methods: The bilateral electromyographic (EMG) signal from the gluteus maximus, biceps femoris and erectores spinae muscles were recorded using surface electromyography. The visual record of the step up performance was registered simultaneously with surface electromyography. The tested group consisted of 16 healthy (5 men with an average age of 23.6, 11 women with an average age of 23.2). They were monitored during the motor task - the step up task, that is which was performed by the dominant leg. The subject stood facing the step (height of the step = 20 cm). Upon request he/she stepped up with the right leg at a spontaneous speed. The motor task was completed by bringing the left leg up onto the step.

Results: During this task, we registered the activation of the right erector spinae muscle, right biceps femoris muscle, left erector spinae muscle and left biceps femoris muscle before the beginning of the visually recognizable movement. The most frequently registered pattern of activation on the side that carried out the step was: right biceps femoris muscle → right erector spinae muscle → right gluteus maximus muscle. Greater differences in the sequence of the muscle involvement were found on the side of the supporting leg.

Conclusions: In conclusion, the findings have indicated that there exists variability in patterns of muscle activation during the step up task.

Keywords: stepping, surface electromyography, muscular activity, timing

Prepublished online: September 7, 2010; Published: January 1, 2010  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Yanac Paredes, E.I., & Opavský, J. (2010). Muscle activation in healthy subjects during single step up. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis. Gymnica, 40(1), 45-51
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. De Luca, C. J. (1993). The use of surface electromyography in biomechanics. The International Society for Biomechanics. Retrieved 14. 10. 1998 from the World Wide Web: http://www.delsys.com/library/tutorials.htm
    2. Frank, J. S., & Earl, M. (1990). Coordination of posture and movement. Physical Therapy, 70, 855-863. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Gélat, T., & Brenière, Y. (2000). Adaptation of the gait initiation process for stepping onto a new level using a single step. Experimental Brain Research, 133(4), 538-546. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Chung, S. H., & Giuliani, C. A. (1996). Within and between session consistency of electromyographic temporal patterns of walking in non-disabled adults. Gait and Posture, 6(2), 110-118. Go to original source...
    5. Hermens, H. J., Freriks, B., Disselhorts-Klug, C., & Rau, G. (2000). Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 10(5), 361-374. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Mercer, V., & Sahrmann, S. (1999). Postural synergies associated with a stepping task. Physical Therapy, 79(12), 1142-1152. Go to original source...
    7. Rodová, D. (2002). Hodnocení cinnosti kosterního svalstva povrchovou elektromyografi í. Dizertacní práce, Univerzita Palackého, Fakulta telesné kultury, Olomouc.
    8. Satoru, K., Ryuji, Y., Masami, N., Shigeo, M., Kazuo, W., & Seiichiro, T. (2008). Trunk muscle activity in two leg standing to one leg standing in healthy elderly adults. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 20, 77-80. Go to original source...
    9. Soderberg, G. L., & Knutson, L. M. (2000). A guide for use and interpretation of kinesiologicsl electromyographic data. Physical Therapy, 80(5), 485-498. Go to original source...
    10. Shumway-Cook, A., & Woollacott, M. H. (2007). Motor control. Translating research into clinical practice (3rd ed.). Lippincott: Williams and Wilkins.
    11. Wai-Hang, J. L. (2004). Are you left handed? Footedness questionnarire. Retrieved 12. 9. 2004 from World Wide Web: http://www.jackielam.net/handedness/test_foot.htm

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content