PT Journal
AU Karafil, YA
   Kosemek, M
TI Perceptions of female athletes regarding career barriers:  Evidence from Turkey
SO Acta Gymnica
PY 2025
VL 55
IS 1
DI 10.5507/ag.2025.015
DE gender disparities in sports; obstacles to female athletes' career progression; challenges for women athletes in sports
AB Background: Female athletes often face unique challenges in their career progression due to societal perceptions and gender inequality. These barriers can significantly hinder long-term success and lead to premature termination of athletic careers. In the Turkish cultural context, such challenges are further reinforced by patriarchal family expectations, uneven regional opportunities, and entrenched gender norms, underscoring the importance of examining barriers in both global and local dimensions.Objective: This study aims to identify and analyze the career barriers experienced by female athletes in Turkey, with a particular focus on the influence of cultural context, social structure, gender norms, and lack of support on their sporting careers. Methods: Using Q methodology, which combines qualitative and quantitative approaches, data were collected from 22 female athletes selected through snowball sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to generate authentic statements, which were then used in a Q sort process. Data analysis was carried out using principal component analysis via PQMethod software. Results: Participants' responses clustered under a single dominant factor. The most significant barriers identified included misguidance from coaches (Z = 1.426), lack of opportunities in residential areas (Z = 1.408), insufficient coaching knowledge (Z = 1.152), economic difficulties (Z = 1.124), and patriarchal family structures (Z = 1.112). These findings highlight the multidimensional and context-specific nature of the obstacles female athletes face. Conclusions: The study underscores the need for structural reforms in sports environments to support female athletes. In Turkey, patriarchal family expectations and regional inequalities play a decisive role in shaping women's sporting trajectories. Addressing these barriers requires both locally grounded interventions and globally informed strategies. This research contributes to the development of inclusive practices that can promote career sustainability for women in sports.
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